详情

书友们，你们还在书海里渺茫吗？我找到了一册超燃的神作，必须分享给大家！这书一掀开，我就被它的节拍带着走，情节紧凑开云kaiyun官方网站，脚色个个鲜嫩。每一个转化皆让东说念主心跳加快，我以致熬夜追完还余味无穷！如果你想要一次出类拔萃的阅读体验，千万别错过这本，快来感受这份震荡吧！

《富兰克林自传（名东说念主列传系列）》 作者：本杰明·富兰克林

第一章

（1771年，写于皆怀伏特镇，圣阿萨夫主教家）

亲爱的孩子：

我一直对聚集祖上的各式奇闻遗闻至极感敬爱，乐此不彼。我就也曾为了这个指标而四出旅行，你可能还铭刻，当咱们在英国的时候，我就时常向咱们眷属中的老东说念主们询查、旁观相关这个方面的情况。我以为，一样，你们中的一些东说念主可能也很想知说念我的生活情况（就好比我渴慕知说念我的先东说念主的生活一样），因为这其中的好多事情你们是并不了了的。赶巧，我当今有一个星期的放假时分，瞻望在这一个星期的乡村假期里是莫得什么东西会来打扰我的。

（Twyford, at the Bishop of St. Asaph's, 1771）

DEAR SON,

I have ever had pleasure in obtaining any little anecdotes of my ancestors. You may remember the inquiries I made among the remains of my relations when you were with me in England, and the journey I undertook for that purpose. Imagining it may be equally agreeable to some of you to know the circumstances of my life, many of which you are yet unacquainted with, and expecting the enjoyment of a week's uninterrupted leisure in my present country retirement, I sit down to write them for you.

因而，我可以坐下来把我的生活情况原原原土产货告诉你。其实，写这些东西，我还有另外一个指标。我出身贫贱，自后才在这个宇宙上得到了钞票和荣誉，为众东说念主所称说念。天主保佑，我于今一帆风顺，万事如意。我的处世之说念如斯成效，我的后世子孙也许想知说念它们，况且找到些和他们的境况相适合的立身之术，然后效法它们。

当我回望、凝视这种幸福的时候，我有时候禁不住会想，如果天主再给我一次契机的话，我会绝不彷徨地再行渡过我的此生，一切重新运转。我只须求像作者那样，在革命版块的时候可以改正第一版的某些造作，把某些不幸的事情变得稍许奏凯些。然则，如若我的这些条目皆不被领受的话，我仍然应承领受天主的恩赐，按照我蓝本的方式再行活过一次。事实上既然这种重来是不可能的，那么最接近这种重演的好像唯独回忆了。为了让这种回忆尽可能地保耐久远，就只好把它用条记下来了。

在这里我将顺着老年东说念主常有的偏好，来谈谈他们我方，谈谈他们昔日的一颦一笑。我这样作念，将不会使那些尊敬老东说念主的东说念主感到厌烦，他们时时处于尊敬老东说念主的洽商而被动听咱们絮叨。而将之写下来，他们可以看也可以不看。最后，我如故我方承认吧，就算我死不承认也莫得东说念主会信赖，那等于，写这个自传可以极地面知足我的虚荣心。实质上，我时常听到或在书上看到，在东说念主们说完“我可以绝不夸张地说”之类的开场白之后，紧接着的等于一堆自吹自擂的话，而涓滴不以为酡颜。绝大多半东说念主厌恶别东说念主的虚荣，但却不管我方有何等虚荣。然则，不管我在什么场地碰到虚荣，我皆会给它一个正确的位子。因为我以为，这样作念，对虚荣的东说念主来说是有公正的，对其周围受其影响的东说念主来说也不有害处。因此，在很厚情况下，一个东说念主在感谢生活给他带来的各样便利和欢欣以外，然后感谢天主恩赐于他的虚荣心亦然很正常的。

当今，我真的要说感谢天主，我至心性谢意它在以往的日子里给以的幸福，恰是它指引我前进，并取得了成效。固然这些并不一定在我的预测限度之内，然则深信它们会使我扫尾渴慕，一样的青天之善仍旧指引着我，使我陆续领有这样的幸福，或者是能够使我容忍他东说念主皆会资格的那些致命的困苦。我来日要濒临的幸福、以致是厄运，万能的天主统统露出，况且皆在它的掌合手之中。

To which I have besides some other inducements. Having emerged from the poverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred, to a state of affluence and some degree of reputation in the world, and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity, the conducing means I made use of, which with the blessing of God so well succeeded, my posterity may like to know, as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations, and therefore fit to be imitated.

That felicity, when I reflected on it, has induced me sometimes to say, that were it offered to my choice, I should have no objection to a repetition of the same life from its beginning, only asking the advantages authors have in a second edition to correct some faults of the first. So I might, besides correcting the faults, change some sinister accidents and events of it for others more favorable. But though this were denied, I should still accept the offer. Since such a repetition is not to be expected, the next thing most like living one's life over again seems to be a recollection of that life, and to make that recollection as durable as possible by putting it down in writing.

Hereby, too, I shall indulge the inclination so natural in old men, to be talking of themselves and their own past actions; and I shall indulge it without being tiresome to others, who, through respect to age, might conceive themselves obliged to give me a hearing, since this may be read or not as any one pleases. And, lastly（I may as well confess it, since my denial of it will be believed by nobody）, perhaps I shall a good deal gratify my own vanity. Indeed, I scarce ever heard or saw the introductory words, "Without vanity I may say," edc., but some vain thing immediately followed. Most people dislike vanity in others, whatever share they have of it themselves; but I give it fair quarter wherever I meet with it, being persuaded that it is often productive of good to the possessor, and to others that are within his sphere of action; and therefore, in many cases, it would not be altogether absurd if a man were to thank God for his vanity among the other comforts of life.

And now I speak of thanking God, I desire with all humility to acknowledge that I owe the mentioned happiness of my past life to His kind providence, which lead me to the means I used and gave them success. My belief of this induces me to hope, though I must not presume, that the same goodness will still be exercised toward me, in continuing that happiness, or enabling me to bear a fatal reverse, which I may experience as others have done: the complexion of my future fortune being known to Him only in whose power it is to bless to us even our afflictions.

我一位伯父的手记也曾落在我的手上，他也有聚集眷属奇闻遗闻的癖好。这部手记使我了解到咱们祖上的一些详确情况。从这部手记可以看出，咱们眷属在洛斯安普敦教区的埃克敦村至少住了不下于300年之久。究竟在这之前有几许年，我这个伯父我方也不知说念了。（也许可以从他们采选“富兰克林”这个词作为他们的姓运转。“富兰克林”在这之前，是一个苍生阶级的称呼。其时英国各地皆在使用姓氏。）阿谁时候，他们领有30亩的目田地，附带着以打铁为副业。一直到我伯父这一代为止，打铁的副业皆莫得断过。家里的苍老老是被培养来接替这个打铁的生意。作为一个旧例，伯父和我父亲在他们宗子的职业安排上也遵从这样一个端正。当我在埃克敦查阅关系记载时，我发现了咱们祖宗从1555年运转的出身、婚配、丧葬情况。在这之前，就莫得任何记载了，因为阿谁时候教区还莫得运转确立记载轨制。通过那份记载我得知我是前五代东说念主中最年幼女儿的女儿。

我的祖父托马斯，他生于1598年，他一直住在埃克敦村，直到他老得不成再作念生意为止。然后他就和他女儿约翰——一个染工一齐住在牛津郡班伯里。阿谁时候，我父亲就在给约翰当学徒。我祖父一直生活在那里直到死一火并安葬在那里。1758那一年，咱们见到了他的墓碑。他的宗子托马斯仍然住在埃克敦，他身后将房屋和地皮皆留给了他唯一的女儿。他的女儿和东床（威灵堡一个叫费希尔的东说念主）又把它们卖给了当今的主东说念主伊斯特德先生。我祖父有四个女儿，他们是托马斯，约翰，本杰明，约塞亚。我手边莫得贵寓，我将把我铭刻的尽量给你写下来。如果贵寓在我离开期间莫得丢失的话，你就会在其中发现更多的细节。

托马斯在他父亲的培养放学打铁，然则由于他天性聪慧，当地教区的大闻东说念主帕尔默先生就束缚饱读励他去学习。自后他成为了又名及格的文牍员，成为场地上至极有影响的东说念主物。他是他我方村落，亦然洛斯安普敦镇以及该郡系数公益奇迹的鞭策者。他得到了东说念主们的注重也得到了哈利法克斯勋爵的表彰。托马斯于阴历1702年1月6日示寂，四年后的那天是我出身的日子。我曾铭刻爱克顿的老东说念主们向咱们请问他的生谦和他的性格的时候，你被热烈地飘荡了。因为你以为那些东西很像你知说念的我。你说，“如果他死在你出身的那一天，东说念主们可能会认为你是他转世转世呢！”

The notes one of my uncles（who had the same kind of curiosity in collecting family anecdotes）once put into my hands, furnished me with several particulars relating to our ancestors. From these notes I learned that the family had lived in the same village, Ecton, in Northamptonshire, for three hundred years, and how much longer he knew not（perhaps from the time when the name of Franklin, that before was the name of an order of people, was assumed by them as a surname when others took surnames all over the kingdom）, on a freehold of about thirty acres, aided by the smith's business, which had continued in the family till his time, the eldest son being always bred to that business; a custom which he and my father followed as to their eldest sons. When I searched the registers at Ecton, I found an account of their births, marriages and burials from the year 1555 only, there being no registers kept in that parish at any time preceding. By that register I perceived that I was the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back.

My grandfather Thomas, who was born in 1598, lived at Ecton till he grew too old to follow business longer, when he went to live with his son John, a dyer at Banbury, in Oxfordshire, with whom my father served an apprenticeship. There my grandfather died and lies buried. We saw his gravestone in 1758. His eldest son Thomas lived in the house at Ecton, and left it with the land to his only child, a daughter, who, with her husband, one Fisher, of Wellingborough, sold it to Mr. Isted, now lord of the manor there. My grandfather had four sons that grew up, viz.: Thomas, John, Benjamin and Josiah. I will give you what account I can of them, at this distance from my papers, and if these are not lost in my absence, you will among them find many more particulars.

Thomas was bred a smith under his father; but, being ingenious, and encouraged in learning（as all my brothers were）by an Esquire Palmer, then the principal gentleman in that parish, he qualified himself for the business of scrivener; became a considerable man in the county; was a chief mover of all public-spirited undertakings for the county or town of Northampton, and his own village, of which many instances were related of him; and much taken notice of and patronized by the then Lord Halifax. He died in 1702, January 6, old style, just four years to a day before I was born. The account we received of his life and character from some old people at Ecton, I remember, struck you as something extraordinary, from its similarity to what you knew of mine. "Had he died on the same day," you said, "one might have supposed a transmigration."

约翰被培养成了又名洗染工，我以为是染羊毛的。本杰明被培养成为了染丝绸的，他是在伦敦学的技能。他是一个很机灵的东说念主。我铭刻很了了，当我童年的时候，他来到波士顿我父亲住的场地和咱们一齐住了些个年初。我一直活到很大的年龄。他的孙子塞缪尔·富兰克林当今住在波士顿。他身后留住了两卷4开大的书本，内部是他我方写的一些诗，包括他写给他一又友和亲戚的一些随性短诗。底下是他给我的一首诗，等于一个样本。

致和我同名的东说念主（基于一份恋战的请问）1710年7月7号

本，信赖我，斗争是一个危境的贸易，

剑铸造好以后也就意味着毁坏。

它让许多东说念主失败而不是成效；

它让许多东说念主贫苦，少数东说念主饶沃，更少数东说念主变的豪阔精通；

它让村镇让步，原野血印斑斑；

它饱读励懒惰，保护荒诞。

秀雅的城市，当今河水泛滥，

翌日就会被斗争的稀缺和悲痛填充，

还有破败的国度，罪孽，残肢，伤痕，

这些皆是斗争变成的旷费。

他还创造了我方的速记法，况且把它教给了我。不外，由于我从来莫得锻练过，是以我就健忘了。我的名字是随着他起的，因为我父亲和他有种格外的表情。他相配虔敬，只须有好的布说念者来布说念他皆会去，况且用他我方的速记法把内容记下来，最终，他记了好几卷条记。他还时常参加政事行径，天然，就其身份来说，他过分地热诚政事了，他参加的政事行径太多了。我在伦敦的时候，他有份储藏品落在了我的手里，内部全是从1641年到1771年系数和全球事务相关的伏击的小册子。从编号来看，好多小册子遗失了，但如故有8册对开本的和20册4开本的、8开本的。一位分解我的古书商东说念主碰到这些书就买了下来送给我。好像不祥在50年前，我叔叔来好意思国的时候把它们忘在了那里。在书边上还有好多他记的条记。

John was bred a dyer, I believe of woolens. Benjamin was bred a silk dyer, serving an apprenticeship at London. He was an ingenious man. I remember him well, for when I was a boy he came over to my father in Boston, and lived in the house with us some years. He lived to a great age. His grandson, Samuel Franklin, now lives in Boston. He left behind him two quarto volumes, MS., of his own poetry, consisting of little occasional pieces addressed to his friends and relations, of which the following, sent to me, is a specimen.

To my Namesake upon a Report of his Inclination to Martial Affairs, July 7th, 1710

Believe me, Ben, war is a dangerous trade.

The sword has marred as well as made;

By it do many fall, not many rise—

Makes many poor, few rich, and fewer wise;

Fills towns with ruin, fields with blood, beside

'Tis sloth's maintainer and the shield of Pride.

Fair cities, rich today in plenty flow,

War fills with want tomorrow, and with woe.

Ruined states, vice, broken limbs, and scars

Are the effects of desolating wars.

He had formed a short-hand of his own, which he taught me, but, never practising it, I have now forgot it. I was named after this uncle, there being a particular affection between him and my father. He was very pious, a great attender of sermons of the best preachers, which he took down in his short-hand, and had with him many volumes of them. He was also much of a politician; too much, perhaps, for his station. There fell lately into my hands, in London, a collection he had made of all the principal pamphlets, relating to public affairs, from 1641 to 1717; many of the volumes are wanting as appears by the numbering, but there still remain eight volumes in folio, and twenty-four in quarto and in octavo. A dealer in old books met with them, and knowing me by my sometimes buying of him, he brought them to me. It seems my uncle must have left them here, when he went to America, which was about fifty years since. There are many of his notes in the margins.

咱们这个卑微的眷属很早就参加了宗教更动领路（运转信奉新教）。在通盘玛丽女王管辖时期，咱们眷属成员皆是新教徒，也正因为他们狂热地反对天主教化而处于精深的贫瘠之中。他们有一册英文的圣经。为了保护它，他们把它藏了起来。他们把书掀开，底下缠上带子，绑在折凳的后头。当我曾祖父给家东说念主念圣经的时候，他就把折凳掀绽开在我方的膝头上，在带子底下一页一页地翻读。每当这个时候，祖父皆会叫一个小孩在门口望风，如若他看到宗教裁判所的使臣来的话就可以知会大家，好让曾祖父有实足的时分把折凳反过来放好，那本圣经就又像蓝本那样藏好了。这件奇闻遗闻是我从本杰明叔叔那里听来的。咱们全眷属皆是英国国教教徒，一直到查里二世王朝灭一火的时候。那时候，一些不信奉国教的而被闭幕的东说念主在洛斯安普敦神秘麇集，本杰明叔叔和乔赛亚皆终身侍从着他们，家里的其他东说念主则连续留在国教内部。

我的父亲乔赛亚很早就成亲了。不祥在1682年的时候，他带着他的太太和三个孩子来到了新英格兰。阿谁时候，非国教徒的麇集是法律所不容的，并经常受到骚扰。这就促使我父亲分解的一些有想想的东说念主预见新大陆去。父亲也被劝说和他们一说念去那里。他们但愿在那里能够有宗教目田。在那里，他的太太又给他生了四个孩子，他的第二个太太又给他生了十个孩子，共十七个子女。我还铭刻有一次，咱们十三个东说念主围坐在一张桌子傍边的情形。当今，咱们皆长大成东说念主成亲了。我是其中最小的一个女儿，出身在波士顿；我在系数的孩子中名次倒数第二。

我的母亲是我父亲的第二个太太，她的名字叫阿拜雅·福尔杰，她是彼得·福尔杰的女儿。彼得·福尔杰是最早到新英格兰假寓的侨民之一，如果我莫得记错的话，科顿·马瑟在他的那部相关宗教史的《好意思洲基督大事记》曾称赞他是位暄和且博学的英国东说念主。我还传闻外祖父写过多种随性短诗，但其中唯独一首付印，我在好多年前读过这首诗。那首诗写于1675年，采选了其时民间流行的诗体，是写给当地政府相关东说念主士的。

This obscure family of ours was early in the Reformation, and continued Protestants through the reign of Queen Mary, when they were sometimes in danger of trouble on account of their zeal against popery. They had got an English Bible, and to conceal and secure it, it was fastened open with tapes under and within the cover of a joint-stool. When my great-great-grandfather read it to his family, he turned up the joint-stool upon his knees, turning over the leaves then under the tapes. One of the children stood at the door to give notice if he saw the apparitor coming, who was an officer of the spiritual court. In that case the stool was turned down again upon its feet, when the Bible remained concealed under it as before. This anecdote I had from my uncle Benjamin. The family continued all of the Church of England till about the end of Charles the Second's reign, when some of the ministers that had been outed for nonconformity holding conventicles in Northamptonshire, Benjamin and Josiah adhered to them, and so continued all their lives: the rest of the family remained with the Episcopal Church.

Josiah, my father, married young, and carried his wife with three children into New England, about 1682. The conventicles having been forbidden by law, and frequently disturbed, induced some considerable men of his acquaintance to remove to that country, and he was prevailed with to accompany them thither, where they expected to enjoy their mode of religion with freedom. By the same wife he had four children more born there, and by a second wife ten more, in all seventeen; of which I remember thirteen sitting at one time at his table, who all grew up to be men and women, and married; I was the youngest son, and the youngest child but two, and was born in Boston, New England.

My mother, the second wife, was Abiah Folger, daughter of Peter Folger, one of the first settlers of New England, of whom honorable mention is made by Cotton Mather in his church history of that country, entitled Magnalia Christi Americana, as 'a godly, learned Englishman," if I remember the words rightly. I have heard that he wrote sundry small occasional pieces, but only one of them was printed, which I saw now many years since. It was written in 1675, in the home-spun verse of that time and people, and addressed to those then concerned in the government there.

他代表洗礼会、教友派过甚他受糟蹋的教派，他赞颂良心目田。他认为咱们所遭受的印第安东说念主斗争和其它灾害是糟蹋教徒的戒指，是天主对这种重罪的严判和重惩，以劝阻政府取消那些严酷的法则。在我看来，通盘诗篇皆充满了正直坦诚和粗野的气概。尽管我健忘了前两节，但我铭刻最后六节。著述的主要意旨风趣是说他的捏造皆是出于善意，是以他不想依稀我方的名字。

他说，

因为我从心底嫉恨，

作念一个匿名责难的东说念主。

我住在修彭城，

我绝无坏心，

我把名字留存在这里。

您真诚的一又友：彼得·福尔杰。

我的兄长们皆在不同的行业学习。我8岁的时候被送到文法学校学习，这是因为父亲想要我努力于教化奇迹，看成念是父亲这样多女儿的什一税。我很早就运转学习（应该是相配早，在我印象中我莫得不识字的时期），父亲系数的一又友皆说我将来一定能成为大学者，这些让父亲更笃信了他的意图。本杰明叔叔也赞同我念书，并提议把他全部的布说念速记材料给我。如果我能学他的速记的话，我想这些皆可以作为我来日的成本。我在文法学校学习还不到一年，但在这一段时期内我依然从班级里的中等生一跃成为优等生。然后父亲要我升到二年级，这样我年底就可以升入三年级。

It was in favor of liberty of conscience, and in behalf of the Baptists, Quakers, and other sectaries that had been under persecution, ascribing the Indian wars, and other distresses that had befallen the country, to that persecution, as so many judgments of God to punish so heinous an offense, and exhorting a repeal of those uncharitable laws. The whole appeared to me as written with a good deal of decent plainness and manly freedom. The six concluding lines I remember, though I have forgotten the two first of the stanza; but the purport of them was, that his censures proceeded from good-will, and, therefore, he would be known to be the author.

Because to be a libeller（says he）

I hate it with my heart;

From Sherburne town, where now I dwell

My name I do put here;

Without offense your real friend,

It is Peter Folgier.

My elder brothers were all put apprentices to different trades. I was put to the grammar-school at eight years of age, my father intending to devote me, as the tithe of his sons, to the service of the Church. My early readiness in learning to read（which must have been very early, as I do not remember when I could not read）, and the opinion of all his friends, that I should certainly make a good scholar, encouraged him in this purpose of his. My uncle Benjamin, too, approved of it, and proposed to give me all his short-hand volumes of sermons, I suppose as a stock to set up with, if I would learn his character. I continued, however, at the grammar-school not quite one year, though in that time I had risen gradually from the middle of the class of that year to be the head of it, and farther was removed into the next class above it, in order to go with that into the third at the end of the year.

然则，同期，父亲洽商到我以后上大学的用度，这样大的一个家庭，父亲莫得办法抚养我上大学，况且许多受过高级老师的东说念主活得并不饶沃，这是父亲当着我的面对他的一又友说的。是以，父亲蜕变了他的见地，让我从文法学校退学，而把我送到一所读写和算术的学校去念书。这所学校是其时一个闻名的叫作念乔治·布郎纳的先生开办的。总的说来，他办学如故可以的，他用的是最和善的最饱读吹东说念主心的教学法子。在他的教导下，我不久就能写一手漂亮的字，但算术却不足格，况且一直莫得稀疏。10岁那年我被父亲带回了家，作念父亲生意上的帮衬，制作烛炬和肥皂，父亲在这个方面并莫得受过训诲，然则当父亲到达新英格兰的时候，他发现漂染的活根底莫得生意，无法看护全家东说念主的生计，是以我就帮着作念些剪烛芯、灌烛模、看护店面、跑腿送货诸如斯类的事。

我不可爱这个行当，我对帆海有着热烈的向往。不外父亲说他反对我的想法。但由于生活在海边，我对海很老练，我很早就学会了拍浮和荡舟。我时常是个率领者，尤其当咱们遭遇什么贫瘠的时候。我有的时候也会让孩子们堕入窘镜。在这里我就举个事例吧，尽管我其时那样作念是不合的，但也夸耀出了我早期杰出的全球精神。

阿谁场地是个盐碱滩，就在磨房傍边。咱们时常在涨潮的时候站在滩边垂钓。由于时常被踩踏，盐碱滩变成了烂泥潭。是以我提议在烂泥潭那里建一个划子埠以便咱们驻足。我领着大家在隔邻不远的场地，看到了一大堆别东说念主用来建新址子的石头，这等于咱们想要的。因此，当晚上工东说念主们皆走了的时候，我组织了一帮游伴像一群蚂蚁那样职责起来，因为有的时候一块石头要两三个东说念主才能迁徙。咱们把这些石头搬来作念成了咱们我方的船埠。第二天早上，工东说念主们看到石头不见了很吃惊，自后他们发现咱们用他们的石头来修船埠了。咱们的船埠被撤消了并受到他们的指责。咱们中的一些东说念主还受到了他们父亲的处罚。尽管我束缚强调这项职责的公正，但它也使我确信靠不针织得到的东西是不会有任何用处的。

But my father, in the meantime, from a view of the expense of a college education, which having so large a family he could not well afford, and the mean living many so educated were afterwards able to obtain—reasons that be gave to his friends in my hearing—altered his first intention, took me from the grammar-school, and sent me to a school for writing and arithmetic, kept by a then famous man, Mr. George Brownell, very successful in his profession generally, and that by mild, encouraging methods. Under him I acquired fair writing pretty soon, but I failed in the arithmetic, and made no progress in it. At ten years old I was taken home to assist my father in his business, which was that of a tallow-chandler and sope-boiler; a business he was not bred to, but had assumed on his arrival in New England, and on finding his dying trade would not maintain his family, being in little request. Accordingly, I was employed in cutting wick for the candles, filling the dipping mold and the molds for cast candles, attending the shop, going of errands, etc.

I disliked the trade, and had a strong inclination for the sea, but my father declared against it; however, living near the water, I was much in and about it, learnt early to swim well, and to manage boats; and when in a boat or canoe with other boys, I was commonly allowed to govern, especially in any case of difficulty; and upon other occasions I was generally a leader among the boys, and sometimes led them into scrapes, of which I will mention one instance, as it shows an early projecting public spirit, tho' not then justly conducted.

There was a salt-marsh that bounded part of the mill-pond, on the edge of which, at high water, we used to stand to fish for minnows. By much trampling, we had made it a mere quagmire. My proposal was to build a wharff there fit for us to stand upon, and I showed my comrades a large heap of stones, which were intended for a new house near the marsh, and which would very well suit our purpose. Accordingly, in the evening, when the workmen were gone, I assembled a number of my play-fellows, and working with them diligently like so many emmets, sometimes two or three to a stone, we brought them all away and built our little wharff. The next morning the workmen were surprised at missing the stones, which were found in our wharff. Inquiry was made after the removers; we were discovered and complained of; several of us were corrected by our fathers; and though I pleaded the usefulness of the work, mine convinced me that nothing was useful which was not honest.

我想可能你也想知说念相关我父亲的事情吧。他体魄至极好，中等形体，体格很厚实。他天赋聪慧，善于绘制，音乐很好，嗓音洪亮入耳。他时常在职责扫尾或者一天扫尾的时候坐下来，拉着小提琴，自个儿唱歌，相配美妙。我父亲在使用机械上也很在行，他很擅长摆弄其他工匠的用具。但他最大的所长在于他深远的斡旋智力和对紧要事情的判断力，不管是公务如故私东说念主小事。不外，他从莫得吃过公家饭，因为他有一大家东说念主要抚养，这些皆离不开他的生意。但我了了地铭刻，时常有些头面东说念主物来旁观父亲，询查父亲对镇上事情或者教区事情的意见。他的意见得到了东说念主们极大的尊重，他还时常被邀请作念争执两边的裁决东说念主。

他时常可爱邀请想维横暴的一又友或者邻居来家里围着桌子话语，况且老是谈些充满精通和灵验的话题。因为这有意于孩子们的想维发展。通过这种方式，咱们知说念了生活里什么是好的，什么是暄和的，什么是公说念的，什么是严慎。咱们基本上不会注重饭桌上吃的东西，比如神色几许，流行与否，面粉的好坏，是否合胃口等。我等于在这样不注重末节的环境下成长的，因此，我对饭桌前吃的什么是相配萧索的。直到今天为止，如果在吃饭以后的几小时有东说念主问我吃了什么，我基本上是回答不上来的。这些风尚对我的旅行是十分便利的，但我的一又友们却因长久认真饮食，在旅行的时候因饮食得不到知足而相配不欢畅。

我母亲的体魄也很好，她养大了系数的十个孩子。在我印象中，除了他们死前得病，我从来不知说念我父亲和母亲有得过病的记载。我父亲89岁示寂，母亲85岁示寂。他们身后合葬于波士顿。多年以后我在他们的墓前立了一块碑，碑文如下：

I think you may like to know something of his person and character. He had an excellent constitution of body, was of middle stature, but well set, and very strong; he was ingenious, could draw prettily, was skilled a little in music, and had a clear pleasing voice, so that when he played psalm tunes on his violin and sung withal, as he sometimes did in an evening after the business of the day was over, it was extremely agreeable to hear. He had a mechanical genius too, and, on occasion, was very handy in the use of other tradesmen's tools; but his great excellence lay in a sound understanding and solid judgment in prudential matters, both in private and publick affairs. In the latter, indeed, he was never employed, the numerous family he had to educate and the straitness of his circumstances keeping him close to his trade; but I remember well his being frequently visited by leading people, who consulted him for his opinion in affairs of the town or of the church he belonged to, and showed a good deal of respect for his judgment and advice: he was also much consulted by private persons about their affairs when any difficulty occurred, and frequently chosen an arbitrator between contending parties.

At his table he liked to have, as often as he could, some sensible friend or neighbor to converse with, and always took care to start some ingenious or useful topic for discourse, which might tend to improve the minds of his children. By this means he turned our attention to what was good, just, and prudent in the conduct of life; and little or no notice was ever taken of what related to the victuals on the table, whether it was well or ill dressed, in or out of season, of good or bad flavor, preferable or inferior to this or that other thing of the kind, so that I was bro't up in such a perfect inattention to those matters as to be quite indifferent what kind of food was set before me, and so unobservant of it, that to this day if I am asked I can scarce tell a few hours after dinner what I dined upon. This has been a convenience to me in travelling, where my companions have been sometimes very unhappy for want of a suitable gratification of their more delicate, because better instructed, tastes and appetites.

My mother had likewise an excellent constitution: she suckled all her ten children. I never knew either my father or mother to have any sickness but that of which they dy'd, he at 89, and she at 85 years of age. They lie buried together at Boston, where I some years since placed a marble over their grave, with this inscription:

约塞亚·富兰克林

和他的太太阿拜亚

共躺于此

他们在婚配期间恩爱地生活

共55年

莫得财产，莫得收入丰厚的职位

靠天主的恩赐和费事的劳顿

他们看护着有一个大家庭

和睦欢欣

他们养育了十三个子女和七个孙子女

名声在外

读者从此例中，能受到饱读励，忙绿职责

千万不要不信天主

他是一个虔敬和严慎的东说念主

她是一个聪敏具有良习的东说念主

他们最小的女儿

为了牵挂他们

特立此碑

约塞亚·富兰克林生于1655，卒于1744，享年89

阿拜亚生于1667，卒于1752，享年85

我走的太远了，东拉西扯太多，我意志到我方老了。我昔日写东西是很有档次的。但在私东说念主的约会中，东说念主们的衣着总不成和在全球风景的舞会上一样吧。这可能仅仅吊尔郎当吧。

JOSIAH FRANKLIN,

And ABIAH his Wife,

Lie here interred.

They lived lovingly together in wedlock

Fifty-five years.

Without an estate, or any gainful employment,

By constant labour and industry,

With God's blessing,

They maintained a large family

Comfortably;

And brought up thirteen children

And seven grandchildren

Reputably.

From this instance, Reader,

Be encouraged to diligence in thy calling,

And distrust not Providence.

He was a pious and prudent man,

She, a discreet and virtuous woman.

Their youngest son,

In filial regard to their memory,

Places this stone.

J.F. born 1655 - Died 1744 - AEtat. 89.

A.F. born 1667 - Died 1752 - AEtat. 85.

By my rambling digressions I perceive myself to be grown old. I us'd to write more methodically. But one does not dress for private company as for a publick ball. 'Tis perhaps only negligence.

回到正题上来：我连续在父亲那里作念了两年，一直到我12岁那年。我的兄弟约翰，阿谁被特地培养起来作念这一瞥的约翰，他这个时候依然离开了父亲，在罗地岛确立了我方的奇迹。似乎，各样迹象标明我注定要填补他走后的位子——作念一个烛炬匠东说念主，然则我仍然厌恶这一瞥当。父亲很苦恼，他怕我像约塞亚一样离家出走，擅自帆海去，如果他不给我找个我可爱的职责的话。因此，他有时候就会带我一齐出去，望望那些木工、瓦匠、旋工、铜匠等等，以便看我的喜好。父亲努力想在陆地上找到我可爱的职责。对我来说，不雅察一位工东说念主娴熟地使用用具一直是我的乐趣。这种不雅察对我很灵验处，通过这种方式我学到了好多东西。当找不到工东说念主的时候，家里的一些修理活我就可以我方来作念。当那种作念现实的有趣很浓的时候，我老是试着作念我我方的小机器。最后，父亲决定让我学切割。其时，本杰明叔父的女儿塞缪尔依然在伦敦学会了这门技术。是以，我就被送到他那里学了一段时分。但他想收我的膏火，这让父亲大为不悦，他就又把我领回了家。

从童年时间运转我就可爱念书。我系数的零费钱皆用在了买书上。因为可爱《天路历程》这本书，我一运转就储藏了约翰·班扬的文集的单行本。自后，因为买伯顿的《历史文集》，我又把它们卖了。这些书皆是小贩们卖的，很低廉，这个文集总公有40到50册。我父亲的藏书楼里储藏的主如若相关神学的书，其中大部分我皆读过。阿谁时候我也不再要被培养作牧师了，而我又在肆业欲很强的时候，莫得合适的书来读真实是很缺憾的事。唯独本普鲁塔克的《英豪传》，我读了许多遍，当今追忆起来，那本书仍然是一册值得一读的书，我从中得到不少益处。还有一册迪佛的《论规划》和马瑟的《论天主》，它们使我的想想发生了很大转化，影响了我来日生活中的好多事情。

To return: I continued thus employed in my father's business for two years, that is, till I was twelve years old; and my brother John, who was bred to that business, having left my father, married, and set up for himself at Rhode Island, there was all appearance that I was destined to supply his place, and become a tallow-chandler. But my dislike to the trade continuing, my father was under apprehensions that if he did not find one for me more agreeable, I should break away and get to sea, as his son Josiah had done, to his great vexation. He therefore sometimes took me to walk with him, and see joiners, bricklayers, turners, braziers, etc., at their work, that he might observe my inclination, and endeavor to fix it on some trade or other on land. It has ever since been a pleasure to me to see good workmen handle their tools; and it has been useful to me, having learnt so much by it as to be able to do little jobs myself in my house when a workman could not readily be got, and to construct little machines for my experiments, while the intention of making the experiment was fresh and warm in my mind. My father at last fixed upon the cutler's trade, and my uncle Benjamin's son Samuel, who was bred to that business in London, being about that time established in Boston, I was sent to be with him some time on liking. But his expectations of a fee with me displeasing my father, I was taken home again.

From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books. Pleased with the Pilgrim's Progress, my first collection was of John Bunyan's works in separate little volumes. I afterward sold them to enable me to buy R. Burton's Historical Collections; they were small chapmen's books, and cheap, 40 or 50 in all. My father's little library consisted chiefly of books in polemic divinity, most of which I read, and have since often regretted that, at a time when I had such a thirst for knowledge, more proper books had not fallen in my way since it was now resolved I should not be a clergyman. Plutarch's Lives there was in which I read abundantly, and I still think that time spent to great advantage. There was also a book of De Foe's, called an Essay on Projects, and another of Dr. Mather's, called Essays to do Good, which perhaps gave me a turn of thinking that had an influence on some of the principal future events of my life.

我嗜书的倾向最终使父亲决定让我从事印刷这个行当，尽管他依然有一个女儿（詹姆斯）学了这一瞥。1717年，我兄长詹姆斯带着印刷机和一些铅字从英国回到波士顿，我方创业。和父亲的行业比起来，我更可爱哥哥的印刷行当。然则，我仍然对帆海很向往，为了制止这种渴慕可能产生的可怕成果，父亲急于把我拴到哥哥的印刷机器上。我反对了一段时分，但最终我被劝服了况且签定了学徒协议。阿谁时候，我12岁。我在21岁之前皆是学徒，直到最后那一年我才能领到全额的工资。我很快就老练了印刷的技术，成为哥哥的过劲助手。我当今有契机阅读更好的书。我分解了一些书商的学徒，我经常能借到一册小书。我老是很小心，保持书的整洁，实时清偿它们。有时候晚上借的书早上就要清偿，要否则别东说念主就会发现数目不够或者有东说念主要买这本书，是以我时常坐在我方的房间里阅读到夜深。

过了一段时分以后，有一个叫马修·亚当斯的注重商东说念主，他有好多藏书。他时常到咱们的印刷铺来，我引起了他的注重。他邀请我到我到他家的藏书室去，并很仁慈地借给我一些我想看的竹素。阿谁时候，我对诗歌很陶醉，况且写了几首。我哥哥以为写诗可以卖钱，因此他饱读励我去写，并叫我写了两首应景民谣。一首叫《灯塔的悲催》，讲的是落水船主华莎雷和他两个女儿落水而一火的事情。另一首叫《水手之歌》，讲了水手捉拿海盗提奇（或者叫黑胡子）的故事。这些皆是贩子小调莫得什么价值。印好以后哥哥叫我拿去卖，第一首因为写的是近期发生的事情，是以卖的很好，引起了很大反响，大大知足了我的虚荣心。但父亲却讽刺我的设立，他说写诗的基本皆是叫花子，穷得很。因此，我幸免成为一个诗东说念主——很猛进程可能是一个低劣的诗东说念主。然则，散文写稿在我一世中起了很大的作用，它亦然我成效的主要技能。当今，我将告诉你，我是如何在那方面得到极少我现存的才略的。

This bookish inclination at length determined my father to make me a printer, though he had already one son（James）of that profession. In 1717 my brother James returned from England with a press and letters to set up his business in Boston. I liked it much better than that of my father, but still had a hankering for the sea. To prevent the apprehended effect of such an inclination, my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded, and signed the indentures when I was yet but twelve years old. I was to serve as an apprentice till I was twenty-one years of age, only I was to be allowed journeyman's wages during the last year. In a little time I made great proficiency in the business, and became a useful hand to my brother. I now had access to better books. An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the morning, lest it should be missed or wanted.

And after some time an ingenious tradesman, Mr. Matthew Adams, who had a pretty collection of books, and who frequented our printing-house, took notice of me, invited me to his library, and very kindly lent me such books as I chose to read. I now took a fancy to poetry, and made some little pieces; my brother, thinking it might turn to account, encouraged me, and put me on composing occasional ballads. One was called The Lighthouse Tragedy, and contained an account of the drowning of Captain Worthilake, with his two daughters: the other was a sailor's song, on the taking of Teach（or Blackbeard）the pirate. They were wretched stuff, in the rub-street-ballad style; and when they were printed he sent me about the town to sell them. The first sold wonderfully, the event being recent, having made a great noise. This flattered my vanity; but my father discouraged me by ridiculing my performances, and telling me verse-makers were generally beggars. So I escaped being a poet, most probably a very bad one; but as prose writing has been of great use to me in the course of my life, and was a principal means of my advancement, I shall tell you how, in such a situation, I acquired what little ability I have in that way.

在镇上还有另外一个可爱念书的年青东说念主，他等于约翰·柯林斯，我和他关系很密切。咱们时常可爱争论，皆想把对方驳倒。这种辩白，从另一相背的方面来说，它很容易变成一种坏风尚。为了争论东说念主们必须提倡相背的意见，这就使东说念主变得格外地可恶。此外，它除了败谰言语，还会使你的一又友产生厌恶之情，使本来能够成为一又友的东说念主变成敌东说念主。我这种可爱辩白的风尚是随着阅读父亲的那些宗教竹素而形成的。我也曾不雅察过，除了讼师、大学里的东说念主以及在爱丁堡受过训诲的东说念主，具有纯粹判断力的东说念主是很少会这样的。

有一次，有一个问题不知说念是如何运转的。我和柯林斯辩白起对于女性是否应该受老师和她们从事计议职责的智力的事情。我认为女性天生莫得那方面的智力，这种不雅点是不正确的。可能有点是为了和他争辩的原因，我持相背的不雅点。他天生是个雄辩家，又读过许多书，因此，有的时候，他经常是以我方流利的口才来辩倒我而不是通过充分的事理。咱们离异的时候谁也莫得辩倒谁，而且这一别咱们会有一段时分见不到面，因此我就坐了下来把我的事理写下来寄给他。然后他就修起，我再答辩。当我父亲偶然发现我的信的时候，咱们依然交换了三四封信了。父亲并莫得谈咱们的不雅点的是与非，他仅仅借契机谈了我的写稿方式。他发现我的书写和标点正确（这要归功于我在印刷厂的职责），这是我的所长。但我在写稿的露馅明了和措辞优雅上不够，父亲况且举出了我信中的几个例子给我看，以便让我信服。从此，我愈加注重著述的写稿方式，况且下决心革命它。

恰好这个时候，我碰到了一册残毁的《旁不雅者》，是第三卷。我以前从来莫得见过这本书。我把它们买了下来，读了一遍又一遍。我很快乐能够得到这本书。我以为这本书写得很好，有可能的话，我想效法它。有了这个想法以后，我从这本书中选了几篇著述，替每一句作念了个摘录。然后把它们放个几天，在不看原文的情况下，试着把原文复述出来。试着用我方知说念的词汇和阿谁摘录再行构造整篇著述，尽量使它和原文一样。然后我再把和它和原文对照，发现造作并阅兵它们。

There was another bookish lad in the town, John Collins by name, with whom I was intimately acquainted. We sometimes disputed, and very fond we were of argument, and very desirous of confuting one another, which disputatious turn, by the way, is apt to become a very bad habit, making people often extremely disagreeable in company by the contradiction that is necessary to bring it into practice; and thence, besides souring and spoiling the conversation, is productive of disgusts and, perhaps enmities where you may have occasion for friendship. I had caught it by reading my father's books of dispute about religion. Persons of good sense, I have since observed, seldom fall into it, except lawyers, university men, and men of all sorts that have been bred at Edinborough.

A question was once, somehow or other, started between Collins and me, of the propriety of educating the female sex in learning, and their abilities for study. He was of opinion that it was improper, and that they were naturally unequal to it. I took the contrary side, perhaps a little for dispute's sake. He was naturally more eloquent, had a ready plenty of words; and sometimes, as I thought, bore me down more by his fluency than by the strength of his reasons. As we parted without settling the point, and were not to see one another again for some time, I sat down to put my arguments in writing, which I copied fair and sent to him. He answered, and I replied. Three or four letters of a side had passed, when my father happened to find my papers and read them. Without entering into the discussion, he took occasion to talk to me about the manner of my writing; observed that, though I had the advantage of my antagonist in correct spelling and pointing（which I ow'd to the printing-house）, I fell far short in elegance of expression, in method and in perspicuity, of which he convinced me by several instances. I saw the justice of his remark, and thence grew more attentive to the manner in writing, and determined to endeavor at improvement.

About this time I met with an odd volume of the Spectator. It was the third. I had never before seen any of them. I bought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. I thought the writing excellent, and wished, if possible, to imitate it. With this view I took some of the papers, and, making short hints of the sentiment in each sentence, laid them by a few days, and then, without looking at the book, try'd to compleat the papers again, by expressing each hinted sentiment at length, and as fully as it had been expressed before, in any suitable words that should come to hand. Then I compared my Spectator with the original, discovered some of my faults, and corrected them.

但我发现我的词汇量太少了，我想我得先掌合手这些词汇并使用它们。如果我蓝本连续写诗的话，我想这些词汇我就应该依然掌合手了。因为写诗要寻找词义疏通但犬牙相制样的词汇去适合诗的韵律，这就会让我束缚地搜寻各式体式的同义词，记取这些变化各样的词并能运用自如地使用它们。这种契机是时常性的。因此，我把其中的一些故事改写成诗。一段时分以后，当我差未几皆要忘了它们的时候，我又把它们再行返原。有时候，我也把我写的摘录打乱，过了几星期以后，我又试着把它们用最佳的规矩组织起来，构成一篇圆善的著述。我这样作念是为了学会如何构想，然后，通过和原文比拟，我发现了造作并加以改正。但有的时候我很欢畅地感到，在一些不太伏击的场地，我的语言和档次比原文更好，这就饱读励了我，它使我以为，在来日，我可以成为一个不算糟糕的英国诗东说念主。在这之前，我对这是贪心勃勃的。我进行这些阅读和写稿训诲普通是在作念完职责的晚上或者运转一老实责前的早上，或者在星期天。我想法子使我方一个东说念主躲在印刷厂里，尽可能粉饰全球教堂的祈祷庆典。如若我在父亲眼皮底下的话，他总会免强我去的。尽管我不想去作念祈祷，但我照实把它看成念一种义务。

不祥在我16岁的时候，我偶然碰到一册倡议茹素食的书，它是特里昂写的。自此，我决定茹素食。阿谁时候哥哥还莫得成亲，莫得我方的屋子，他就和门徒们在别东说念主家里包饭。我不吃荤，这就变成了未便，我的潦草也因此经常遭到大家的挑剔。我先学会了特里昂的一些作念饭的法子，比如煮土豆、蒸饭、作念速成布丁以过甚它的东西。然后，我向哥哥建议，如果他能把我每星期膳食费的一半给我，我就可以我地契独吃了。哥哥或然同意了我的建议。不久，我发现，这样我还能简约他给的一半膳食费，那是额外的买书钱。除此以外，我还从中得到了另外的公正，我哥哥和其余的东说念主离开印刷所去吃饭的时候，就唯独我一个东说念主在印刷所里，我很快吃掉我方的便捷食品，普通不会稀疏一块饼干、一小单方面包、一把葡萄干或者是从面包铺里买来的一块果馅饼和一杯水。在他们回印刷所之前我可以期骗这段时分来学习。通过那样的节制饮食，我时常可以头脑了了、想维敏捷，我的稀疏更大了。

But I found I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and using them, which I thought I should have acquired before that time if I had gone on making verses; since the continual occasion for words of the same import, but of different length, to suit the measure, or of different sound for the rhyme, would have laid me under a constant necessity of searching for variety, and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind, and make me master of it. Therefore I took some of the tales and turned them into verse; and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the prose, turned them back again. I also sometimes jumbled my collections of hints into confusion, and after some weeks endeavored to reduce them into the best order, before I began to form the full sentences and compleat the paper. This was to teach me method in the arrangement of thoughts. By comparing my work afterwards with the original, I discovered many faults and amended them; but I sometimes had the pleasure of fancying that, in certain particulars of small import, I had been lucky enough to improve the method or the language, and this encouraged me to think I might possibly in time come to be a tolerable English writer, of which I was extremely ambitious. My time for these exercises and for reading was at night, after work or before it began in the morning, or on Sundays, when I contrived to be in the printing-house alone, evading as much as I could the common attendance on public worship which my father used to exact on me when I was under his care, and which indeed I still thought a duty, though I could not, as it seemed to me, afford time to practise it.

When about 16 years of age I happened to meet with a book, written by one Tryon, recommending a vegetable diet. I determined to go into it. My brother, being yet unmarried, did not keep house, but boarded himself and his apprentices in another family. My refusing to eat flesh occasioned an inconveniency, and I was frequently chid for my singularity. I made myself acquainted with Tryon's manner of preparing some of his dishes, such as boiling potatoes or rice, making hasty pudding, and a few others, and then proposed to my brother, that if he would give me, weekly, half the money he paid for my board, I would board myself. He instantly agreed to it, and I presently found that I could save half what he paid me. This was an additional fund for buying books. But I had another advantage in it. My brother and the rest going from the printing-house to their meals, I remained there alone, and, despatching presently my light repast, which often was no more than a bisket or a slice of bread, a handful of raisins or a tart from the pastry-cook's, and a glass of water, had the rest of the time till their return for study, in which I made the greater progress, from that greater clearness of head and quicker apprehension which usually attend temperance in eating and drinking.

以前由于我在算术上的无知，使我方时常受到逼迫，在学校的时候我还两次算术磨砺不足格。是以当今我找来寇克的书，我方重新到尾奏凯地学习了一遍。我还读了舍勒和瑟米相关帆海的书，并从中得到些怜悯的几何学的学问，但我从来莫得在那方面有更深的计议。不祥在阿谁时候，我还读了洛克的《东说念主类斡旋论》和波特若亚的《想维的艺术》。

梗直我专心想普及我方语言的时候，我偶然发现了一册英语语法书（我想那是格林伍德的书），在书的后头有两份逻辑和修辞技术的纲目。在逻辑艺术的纲目中以苏格拉底辩白法的轨范作为扫尾。这之后不久，我得到了色诺芬的《苏格拉底话语录》，书中有辩白的例子。我对这些法子十分陶醉，就采选了它，丢掉了我方生硬的反驳和专断的立论方式而采选了一种谦卑和怀疑的法子。铭刻亦然阿谁时候，当我读了莎浮茨伯里和柯林斯的书以后，我对咱们的教义就有好多怀疑了。我发现，使用这种法子对我很安全，但对敌手却很烦懑。因此，我很快乐肠束缚使用这种法子，自如地使用得很熟练，可以说是那方面的大家。即使那些有学问的东说念主也不得不侧目而视。我诱使他们堕入无法自拔的困境，从而使我方和我方的不雅点时常获欢乐外的顺利。我使用这种法子几年之后，我就逐步地毋庸了，而仅仅在发表我个东说念主意见的时候保持着谦和的口气。我提倡任何可能引起争议的论点的时候，我从来毋庸“细目”、“毫无疑问”以过甚它任何暗示细主张词汇，而是使用“我猜想”、“我以为某事可以如何”、“在我看来好像是”、或者“由于什么原因”、“我认为”或者“我猜是这样”、“如若我莫得犯错的话，事情应该是如何”。我以为，这一风尚对我相配有公正。因为我需要劝服别东说念主，让别东说念主信服我时常提倡的各式按序。两个东说念主话语的指标，无非等于老师东说念主或者被别东说念主老师，是要让东说念主欢畅或者使东说念主信服。是以，我劝阻那些理智的东说念主，为了不减弱他们行善的智力，千万不要采选独断专横的作风和法子。这样的作风和法子老是引起别东说念主的反感，时常会引起别东说念主的反对，因而，使语言存在的指标被破坏无遗。因为咱们话语的指标是交流想想和信息。如果你话语的指标是要老师东说念主，讲话过于自信的坚忍作风可能会引起反驳，这样一场公说念的计划就不可能。

And now it was that, being on some occasion made asham'd of my ignorance in figures, which I had twice failed in learning when at school, I took Cocker's book of Arithmetick, and went through the whole by myself with great ease. I also read Seller's and Shermy's books of Navigation, and became acquainted with the little geometry they contain; but never proceeded far in that science. And I read about this time Locke On Human Understanding, and the Art of Thinking, by Messrs. du Port Royal.

While I was intent on improving my language, I met with an English grammar（I think it was Greenwood's）, at the end of which there were two little sketches of the arts of rhetoric and logic, the latter finishing with a specimen of a dispute in the Socratic method; and soon after I procur'd Xenophon's Memorable Things of Socrates, wherein there are many instances of the same method. I was charm'd with it, adopted it, dropt my abrupt contradiction and positive argumentation, and put on the humble inquirer and doubter. And being then, from reading Shaftesbury and Collins, become a real doubter in many points of our religious doctrine, I found this method safest for myself and very embarrassing to those against whom I used it; therefore I took a delight in it, practis'd it continually, and grew very artful and expert in drawing people, even of superior knowledge, into concessions, the consequences of which they did not foresee, entangling them in difficulties out of which they could not extricate themselves, and so obtaining victories that neither myself nor my cause always deserved. I continu'd this method some few years, but gradually left it, retaining only the habit of expressing myself in terms of modest diffidence; never using, when I advanced any thing that may possibly be disputed, the words certainly, undoubtedly, or any others that give the air of positiveness to an opinion; but rather say, I conceive or apprehend a thing to be so and so; it appears to me, or I should think it so or so, for such and such reasons; or I imagine it to be so; or it is so, if I am not mistaken. This habit, I believe, has been of great advantage to me when I have had occasion to inculcate my opinions, and persuade men into measures that I have been from time to time engag'd in promoting; and, as the chief ends of conversation are to inform or to be informed, to please or to persuade, I wish well-meaning, sensible men would not lessen their power of doing good by a positive, assuming manner, that seldom fails to disgust, tends to create opposition, and to defeat every one of those purposes for which speech was given to us, to wit, giving or receiving information or pleasure. For, if you would inform, a positive and dogmatical manner in advancing your sentiments may provoke contradiction and prevent a candid attention.

如果你想知会别东说念主或者通过交谈增多学问却又落寞己见的话，就会使得谦卑、理智的东说念主由于不可爱争论可能让你对峙你我方的意见和造作。通过这样一种方式，你不可能达到阿谀你的听众或者赢得对方的奖饰的但愿。波普的话说的很有精通：

老师东说念主的时候不应该让东说念主感到在受老师

请问新学问应该像是在指示他们依然渐忘的旧东西

接着他进一步建议咱们

用谦和的作风抒发确信的东西

在这里波普可以用他在其它场地的一瞥联句与上文结成联句。这一瞥放在这里我想比放在别的场地更相宜一些。

隐隐谦和等于愚蠢

如果你问为什么这一句在原诗里不适合，我只好援用原诗了

荒诞就会事事难办

荒诞等于愚蠢

难说念愚蠢（艰涩精通的东说念主真的很不幸）不是荒诞的事理吗？ 这两行诗如若这样写，不是更合适吗？

言辞荒诞，唯独这一种讲明

那等于：荒诞等于愚蠢

然则，是不是真的是这样呢？请精通的东说念主们去评断。

1720或者1721年的时候，哥哥运转印刷报纸。这是好意思洲出现的第二家报纸，报纸取名为《新英格兰报》。在它之前，唯独一家叫作念《波士顿形势通信》的报纸。我铭刻哥哥的一些一又友劝他不要作念此事。他们认为，好意思洲只须有一张报纸就实足了。再办一张是不太可能成效的。当今这个时候（1771年），好意思洲办报纸的不少于25家。但哥哥对峙我方的规划，报纸排好版印刷后，我拿到街上去卖。

If you wish information and improvement from the knowledge of others, and yet at the same time express yourself as firmly fix'd in your present opinions, modest, sensible men, who do not love disputation, will probably leave you undisturbed in the possession of your error. And by such a manner, you can seldom hope to recommend yourself in pleasing your hearers, or to persuade those whose concurrence you desire. Pope says, judiciously:

Men should be taught as if you taught them not,

And things unknown propos'd as things forgot;

farther recommending to us

To speak, tho' sure, with seeming diffidence.

And he might have coupled with this line that which he has coupled with another, I think, less properly,

For want of modesty is want of sense.

If you ask, Why less properly? I must repeat the lines,

Immodest words admit of no defense,

For want of modesty is want of sense.

Now, is not want of sense（where a man is so unfortunate as to want it）some apology for his want of modesty? and would not the lines stand more justly thus?

Immodest words admit but this defense,

That want of modesty is want of sense.

This, however, I should submit to better judgments.

My brother had, in 1720 or 1721, begun to print a newspaper. It was the second that appeared in America, and was called the New England Courant. The only one before it was the Boston News-Letter. I remember his being dissuaded by some of his friends from the undertaking, as not likely to succeed, one newspaper being, in their judgment, enough for America. At this time（1771）there are not less than five-and-twenty. He went on, however, with the undertaking, and after having worked in composing the types and printing off the sheets, I was employed to carry the papers thro' the streets to the customers.

哥哥的一又友中有些很明慧的东说念主，他们为哥哥的报纸写些小著述作为消遣，这大大普及了报纸的声誉，报纸因而卖的很好，经常有闻东说念主来旁观。我听到他们的话语，听到他们讲报纸是如何受包涵的时候，我便摩拳擦掌，然则，那时我方如故个孩子。我怀疑如果哥哥知说念稿子是我写的话，绝不会发表它的。是以我就设法瞒哄我方的字迹，写了篇匿名的稿子。晚上的时候，我把稿子塞到印刷所的门下。第二天早上的时候，稿子被东说念主们发现了。当哥哥的一又友像往常一样来旁观的时候，稿子就在他们中间传看。他们阅读我的稿子，大地面表扬了一番，这些皆进了我的耳朵。我相配欢畅我的稿子能够得到他们的认同。他们计算谁是著述的作者，他们猜的东说念主皆是镇上的一些博学和明慧之东说念主。我当今想，我采选匿名的法子果真很理智，也许他们并不像我尊重他们的那样了不得。

受此饱读励，我又通过一样的方式写了几篇稿子。它们一样得到了好评。我一直保守着这个神秘，一直到我通俗的学问江郎才尽、难以为继的时候，我才把这个神秘揭开。这个时候，哥哥的一又友们皆认为我很了不得，但哥哥并不欢畅。也许，在哥哥看来，那会使我过度的自傲。也许这等于阿谁时候引起了咱们兄弟不和的原因之一吧。他是我的哥哥，但他认为他是我的师父，我就像他的其他学徒一样。因此，他但愿从我这里得到他的其他学徒一样的做事。但我以为他对我条目太多了，作为一个兄长，我但愿他能给我更多的钦慕。咱们的争论时常闹到父亲那里去，父亲一般皆偏向于我，这可能是因为我的事理正确或者是因为我是个雄辩家吧。然则哥哥性情很坏，他时常把我暴打一顿，这让我相配愤激。我想我这厌烦的学徒生计有莫得契机裁汰些啊，出乎我的预感，这个契机终于来了。

咱们报纸上登载的一篇相关政事问题的著述，具体讲什么我忘了。它惹恼了州议会，于是哥哥被带到那里讯问，况且被截留一个月。他之是以遭受这样的待遇，我想不祥是因为他不想说出那篇著述的作者。我也被带进商榷会审问，但我的弘扬莫得让他们满足。他们把我训了一蓦的后就放我走了。也许他们认为我是个学徒，有义务替主东说念主保守神秘吧。

He had some ingenious men among his friends, who amus'd themselves by writing little pieces for this paper, which gain'd it credit and made it more in demand, and these gentlemen often visited us. Hearing their conversations, and their accounts of the approbation their papers were received with, I was excited to try my hand among them; but, being still a boy, and suspecting that my brother would object to printing anything of mine in his paper if he knew it to be mine, I contrived to disguise my hand, and, writing an anonymous paper, I put it in at night under the door of the printing-house. It was found in the morning, and communicated to his writing friends when they call'd in as usual. They read it, commented on it in my hearing, and I had the exquisite pleasure of finding it met with their approbation, and that, in their different guesses at the author, none were named but men of some character among us for learning and ingenuity. I suppose now that I was rather lucky in my judges, and that perhaps they were not really so very good ones as I then esteem'd them.

Encourag'd, however, by this, I wrote and convey'd in the same way to the press several more papers which were equally approv'd; and I kept my secret till my small fund of sense for such performances was pretty well exhausted and then I discovered it, when I began to be considered a little more by my brother's acquaintance, and in a manner that did not quite please him, as he thought, probably with reason, that it tended to make me too vain. And, perhaps, this might be one occasion of the differences that we began to have about this time. Though a brother, he considered himself as my master, and me as his apprentice, and accordingly, expected the same services from me as he would from another, while I thought he demean'd me too much in some he requir'd of me, who from a brother expected more indulgence. Our disputes were often brought before our father, and I fancy I was either generally in the right, or else a better pleader, because the judgment was generally in my favor. But my brother was passionate, and had often beaten me, which I took extreamly amiss; and, thinking my apprenticeship very tedious, I was continually wishing for some opportunity of shortening it, which at length offered in a manner unexpected.

One of the pieces in our newspaper on some political point, which I have now forgotten, gave offense to the Assembly. He was taken up, censur'd, and imprison'd for a month, by the speaker's warrant, I suppose, because he would not discover his author. I too was taken up and examin'd before the council; but, tho' I did not give them any satisfaction, they content'd themselves with admonishing me, and dismissed me, considering me, perhaps, as an apprentice, who was bound to keep his master's secrets.

尽管我和哥哥暗里里不和，但哥哥的被截留如故使我对当局满怀怨尤。在哥哥被截留的时候，我负责报纸的科罚。我在报纸上斗胆地嘲弄当局，哥哥对此很可爱，但另外一些东说念主却对我有了坏印象，他们认为我是喜好调侃的怪才。哥哥从监狱内部出来了，还带来了一项议会发出的乖癖呼吁：詹姆斯·富兰克林不得连续出书《新英格兰报》。

哥哥的一又友们聚首在印刷所里商议，在这种情况下哥哥应该奈何作念。有东说念主建议，为了侧目法则应该把报纸的名字改掉。然则哥哥以为那样更不好。最终他们商议出了一个更好的有计议，将来报纸用本杰明·富兰克林的时势刊行。为了幸免州议会可能会捏造哥哥以学徒的时势连续办报，他们想出了一个高作，那等于，把我和哥哥签的阿谁协议退还给我，况且在背面注明退还给我的原因是因为我被除名了，以便一朝需要可以拿出来作为笔据。同期为了保证哥哥的利益，我要为剩下的学徒年限签定一份新的协议，这份协议是神秘的。这套法子很脆弱，但如故立即奉行了。因而，这份报纸在我的时势下办了几个月。

终于，我和哥哥发生了新的矛盾，我处处选藏我方的目田，因为我断定他不敢冒险拿出咱们蓝本签的那张协议来。天然，我那样破饱读万东说念主锤是不合的，因此我把它看成念是我这一世中犯下的第一大错。但他的坏性情常让他对我大打早先，我对此不成不感到愤恨。我也感到我方这样作念得不合，因为哥哥在其它情况下并不是个性情很坏的东说念主。可能是我其时太莫得礼貌，太让东说念主动怒了。

当哥哥以为我要离开他的时候，他便到镇上的每一个雇主那里游说，以拦阻我在镇上的任何一家印刷厂得到职责。因此，他们皆拒却给我职责。阿谁时候我就决定到纽约去，那是有印刷所最近的场地。我要离开波士顿还因为我知说念我依然引起当局的不少嫉恨。从当局处理我哥哥那件事的专横来看，如若我还待下去，晨夕也要遭到一样的待遇。另外，我对宗教的卤莽月旦依然激起了善男善女的慌乱，他们说我大逆不说念，是一个无神论者，成为众东说念主所怨愤的对象。

During my brother's confinement, which I resented a good deal, notwithstanding our private differences, I had the management of the paper; and I made bold to give our rulers some rubs in it, which my brother took very kindly, while others began to consider me in an unfavorable light, as a young genius that had a turn for libelling and satyr. My brother's discharge was accompany'd with an order of the House（a very odd one）, that "James Franklin should no longer print the paper called the New England Courant."

There was a consultation held in our printing-house among his friends, what he should do in this case. Some proposed to evade the order by changing the name of the paper; but my brother, seeing inconveniences in that, it was finally concluded on as a better way, to let it be printed for the future under the name of Benjamin Franklin; and to avoid the censure of the Assembly, that might fall on him as still printing it by his apprentice, the contrivance was that my old indenture should be return'd to me, with a full discharge on the back of it, to be shown on occasion, but to secure to him the benefit of my service, I was to sign new indentures for the remainder of the term, which were to be kept private. A very flimsy scheme it was; however, it was immediately executed, and the paper went on accordingly, under my name for several months.

At length, a fresh difference arising between my brother and me, I took upon me to assert my freedom, presuming that he would not venture to produce the new indentures. It was not fair in me to take this advantage, and this I therefore reckon one of the first errata of my life; but the unfairness of it weighed little with me, when under the impressions of resentment for the blows his passion too often urged him to bestow upon me, though he was otherwise not an ill-natur'd man: perhaps I was too saucy and provoking.

When he found I would leave him, he took care to prevent my getting employment in any other printing-house of the town, by going round and speaking to every master, who accordingly refus'd to give me work. I then thought of going to New York, as the nearest place where there was a printer; and I was rather inclin'd to leave Boston when I reflected that I had already made myself a little obnoxious to the governing party, and, from the arbitrary proceedings of the Assembly in my brother's case, it was likely I might, if I stay'd, soon bring myself into scrapes; and farther, that my indiscrete disputations about religion began to make me pointed at with horror by good people as an infidel or atheist.

我依然决定出走，父亲依然站在哥哥那边，这极少我很显著，如果我公开出走的话，他们一定想法子拦阻我。因此，我的一又友柯林斯决定帮我。他和一艘纽约州的单桅风帆船主讲好，让我坐他的船，他说我是他小时候的一个一又友，由于使一个不端庄的女孩怀了孕，她的一又友逼我和她成亲，因此我既不成出面也不成公开出走。我卖了一些书，筹集了路费，暗暗上了船。因为顺风，咱们第三天就到了纽约，离家快要300英里。我——一个唯独17岁的男孩，身上莫得钱，莫得东说念主先容，莫得熟东说念主，这等于初到纽约的我。

阿谁时候，我帆海的梦依然打扰了，否则我当今倒可以称愿以偿了。然则由于我依然学会了一门技能，又自认是一个很好的工东说念主，是以我就向当地一个叫老威廉·布雷福德的印刷雇主毛遂自荐。老威廉·布雷福德是宾西式尼亚州的第一家印刷所雇主，在和乔治·基想争吵以后他就把印刷所迁到了纽约。他的印刷所里莫得什么事情要作念，是以他不成雇佣我，而且他那里东说念主员依然实足了。但他说，“我女儿在宾西式尼亚州，他刚刚失去了他的主要助手，名字叫阿奎那·罗斯。如果你去那里，我想他会雇佣你的。”宾西式尼亚州离这里有100英里，不外我如故登上了一艘开往安博依的船。我留住了我的箱子和其它一些东西，以后它们会随海说念被运来。

在渡海的时候，咱们遭遇了暴风，风把咱们的破船撕成了碎屑。咱们无法参预海峡，而是漂到了一个长岛上。途中，一位喝醉了的荷兰乘客腐朽落水。当他下千里的时候，我收拢他的头顶把他拉了上来。落水使他清醒了一些，他从口袋内部拿出了一册书，但愿我能给他晾干，然后他就休眠去了。这本书等于我最可爱的作者班扬的《天路历程》，是用荷兰文写的。它印刷在一张至极好的纸上，印刷很精致，还有铜版插图，比我见过的原文版块还漂亮。我自后发现，这本书被翻译成了欧洲系数的笔墨。我想，除了《圣经》以外，《天路历程》应该领有最平庸的读者。尊敬的约翰·班扬是我所知说念的第一个把叙述和对话揉在一块写稿的东说念主，这种写稿法子使读者读起来很有有趣，读到动东说念主的场地，就像设身处地一样，和书中东说念主们一齐商谈。笛福在《鲁宾逊飘动记》、《莫尔·佛兰德斯》、《修士求爱》、《家庭教师》和其它作品中皆成效地效法了这种写稿法子。理查逊在他的《帕米拉》等书中也使用了这种手法。

I determin'd on the point, but my father now siding with my brother, I was sensible that, if I attempted to go openly, means would be used to prevent me. My friend Collins, therefore, undertook to manage a little for me. He agreed with the captain of a New York sloop for my passage, under the notion of my being a young acquaintance of his, that had got a naughty girl with child, whose friends would compel me to marry her, and therefore I could not appear or come away publicly. So I sold some of my books to raise a little money, was taken on board privately, and as we had a fair wind, in three days I found myself in New York, near 300 miles from home, a boy of but 17, without the least recommendation to, or knowledge of any person in the place, and with very little money in my pocket.

My inclinations for the sea were by this time worne out, or I might now have gratify'd them. But, having a trade, and supposing myself a pretty good workman, I offer'd my service to the printer in the place, old Mr. William Bradford, who had been the first printer in Pennsylvania, but removed from thence upon the quarrel of George Keith. He could give me no employment, having little to do, and help enough already; but says he, "My son at Philadelphia has lately lost his principal hand, Aquila Rose, by death; if you go thither, I believe he may employ you." Philadelphia was a hundred miles further; I set out, however, in a boat for Amboy, leaving my chest and things to follow me round by sea.

In crossing the bay, we met with a squall that tore our rotten sails to pieces, prevented our getting into the Kill and drove us upon Long Island. In our way, a drunken Dutchman, who was a passenger too, fell overboard; when he was sinking, I reached through the water to his shock pate, and drew him up, so that we got him in again. His ducking sobered him a little, and he went to sleep, taking first out of his pocket a book, which he desir'd I would dry for him. It proved to be my old favorite author, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, in Dutch, finely printed on good paper, with copper cuts, a dress better than I had ever seen it wear in its own language. I have since found that it has been translated into most of the languages of Europe, and suppose it has been more generally read than any other book, except perhaps the Bible. Honest John was the first that I know of who mix'd narration and dialogue; a method of writing very engaging to the reader, who in the most interesting parts finds himself, as it were, brought into the company and present at the discourse. De Foe in his Cruso, his Moll Flanders, Religious Courtship, Family Instructor, and other pieces, has imitated it with success; and Richardson has done the same, in his Pamela, etc.

当咱们快接近这个长岛的时候，咱们才发现咱们无法在那里登陆，因为那里乱石丛生，波澜太大了。咱们固然抛了锚，但船却在向着海岸扭捏。岸上有东说念主来了，他们对着咱们呼吁，咱们也对着他们大叫，但风波太大了，咱们皆听不到对方的声息，也不成显著对方的意旨风趣。岸上有一只划子，咱们作念入辖下手势，叫他们用阿谁划子来接咱们，但他们要么莫得显著咱们的意旨风趣，要么以为那根底不可行，是以他们就走开了。夜晚莅最后，咱们莫得别的办法只可等风小极少。同期，我和船雇主决定去睡斯须，如果咱们能够睡着的话。咱们就这样跟浑身如故湿透的荷兰东说念主一同挤在小小的船舱里。打在船头的浪花溅落在咱们身上，斯须咱们就和这位荷兰老兄一样浑身皆湿漉漉的了。咱们就这样躺了一晚上，根底谈不上什么休息。然则，第二天，风小了，咱们掉转船头，为了争取在天黑前赶到安博依，连续在水上漂了30个钟头，莫得食品也莫得饮水，唯独一瓶沾污的米酒以及外面的咸海水。

晚上的时候，我发现我方发高烧了，继而上床休眠。我也曾在那里读到过喝凉水可以治高烧，是以我就照作念了。晚上出了好多汗，高烧就退了。早上咱们摆渡上了岸，我徒步连续我的行程，向50英里外的柏林顿走去。别东说念主告诉我，那里有船可以去费城。

这六合了一整天的雨，我浑身皆湿透了，中午的时候我依然窘况得要死。因此，我就在约略的小店里住了通宵。这个时候，我但愿我方莫得离开家就好了。我的外在显得很穷酸，从别东说念主和我的话语中，我还发现别东说念主怀疑我是哪家私逃的仆役，况且很可能我会因为这种嫌疑而被抓起来。不外，第二天，我如故连续了我的行程。晚上的时候，我到了约翰·布朗先生的小店内部，阿谁店离柏林顿八九英里。当我吃饭的时候，约翰·布朗先生和我攀谈起来。他发现我读过一些书，就变得对我客气友好起来。咱们的往复一直陆续到他示寂为止。我猜想，他也曾是一个周游四方的大夫，因为不管英国的哪个城镇，或者欧洲的哪个国度，他皆知说念得很了了。他有些学问，东说念主也很明慧，但不信赖宗教。几年以后，他像科顿对维尔的作品那样，把《圣经》改成了打油诗。通过这种方式，他把许多事情皆搞得很滑稽。他的作品如若能够发表的话，很可能对那些意志不坚定者变成伤害。还好，他的作品从来莫得被发表。

When we drew near the island, we found it was at a place where there could be no landing, there being a great surff on the stony beach. So we dropt anchor, and swung round towards the shore. Some people came down to the water edge and hallow'd to us, as we did to them; but the wind was so high, and the surff so loud, that we could not hear so as to understand each other. There were canoes on the shore, and we made signs, and hallow'd that they should fetch us; but they either did not understand us, or thought it impracticable, so they went away, and night coming on, we had no remedy but to wait till the wind should abate; and, in the meantime, the boatman and I concluded to sleep, if we could; and so crowded into the scuttle, with the Dutchman, who was still wet, and the spray beating over the head of our boat, leak'd thro' to us, so that we were soon almost as wet as he. In this manner we lay all night, with very little rest; but, the wind abating the next day, we made a shift to reach Amboy before night, having been thirty hours on the water, without victuals, or any drink but a bottle of filthy rum, and the water we sail'd on being salt.

In the evening I found myself very feverish, and went in to bed; but, having read somewhere that cold water drank plentifully was good for a fever, I follow'd the prescription, sweat plentiful most of the night, my fever left me, and in the morning, crossing the ferry, I proceeded on my journey on foot, having fifty miles to Burlington, where I was told I should find boats that would carry me the rest of the way to Philadelphia.

It rained very hard all the day; I was thoroughly soak'd, and by noon a good deal tired; so I stopt at a poor inn, where I staid all night, beginning now to wish that I had never left home. I cut so miserable a figure, too, that I found, by the questions ask'd me, I was suspected to be some runaway servant, and in danger of being taken up on that suspicion. However, I proceeded the next day, and got in the evening to an inn, within eight or ten miles of Burlington, kept by one Dr. Brown. He entered into conversation with me while I took some refreshment, and, finding I had read a little, became very sociable and friendly. Our acquaintance continu'd as long as he liv'd. He had been, I imagine, an itinerant doctor, for there was no town in England, or country in Europe, of which he could not give a very particular account. He had some letters, and was ingenious, but much of an unbeliever, and wickedly undertook, some years after, to travestie the Bible in doggrel verse, as Cotton had done Virgil. By this means he set many of the facts in a very ridiculous light, and might have hurt weak minds if his work had been published; but it never was.

那天夜里，我就在这个屋子里睡了一晚上。第二天早上咱们到了柏林顿，然则到了那儿以后，我很后悔地发现，班船依然在我到达前不久就开走了。今天是星期六，要比及下个星期二才有班船。是以，我就回到镇上一个老媪东说念主处，请她给我点建议。我也曾在她那里买过姜饼，就着水吃过饭。她邀请我到她家住了下来，等候下一班去费城的船。由于一直步碾儿的原因，我很窘况，是以就领受了她的邀请。当她知说念我是印刷匠以后，她就建议在镇上待下来开一家印刷厂。不外，她不知说念开印刷厂是要成本的。她很好客，为我提供了一顿牛肉餐，却只肯领受要一罐啤酒作为答复。我原以为要比及下个星期二才能走，然则晚上在河畔漫衍的时候，一条船赶巧从那经由，内部唯独几个东说念主，是开往费城的。他们让我上了船，因为莫得风，咱们只好一齐荡舟而行。不祥到了午夜的时候，咱们仍然看不到费城。咱们当中的一些东说念主认为咱们必定依然由了费城，是以就不肯意再往前划了。其他的东说念主不知说念咱们到底到了什么场地，是以咱们就向岸边划去，在一个旧竹篱处登了岸。10月的晚间很冷，咱们就用竹篱木生了火，然后在那里待到天亮。这个时候，咱们中的一个东说念主说，这个场地是库伯河，在费城北面极少。咱们一出这条河就可以看到费城了。然后，早上八九点钟的时候咱们就到了费城，在市集船埠上的岸。

At his house I lay that night, and the next morning reach'd Burlington, but had the mortification to find that the regular boats were gone a little before my coming, and no other expected to go before Tuesday, this being Saturday; wherefore I returned to an old woman in the town, of whom I had bought gingerbread to eat on the water, and ask'd her advice. She invited me to lodge at her house till a passage by water should offer; and being tired with my foot travelling, I accepted the invitation. She understanding I was a printer, would have had me stay at that town and follow my business, being ignorant of the stock necessary to begin with. She was very hospitable, gave me a dinner of ox-cheek with great good will, accepting only a pot of ale in return; and I thought myself fixed till Tuesday should come. However, walking in the evening by the side of the river, a boat came by, which I found was going towards Philadelphia, with several people in her. They took me in, and, as there was no wind, we row'd all the way; and about midnight, not having yet seen the city, some of the company were confident we must have passed it, and would row no farther; the others knew not where we were; so we put toward the shore, got into a creek, landed near an old fence, with the rails of which we made a fire, the night being cold, in October, and there we remained till daylight. Then one of the company knew the place to be Cooper's Creek, a little above Philadelphia, which we saw as soon as we got out of the creek, and arriv'd there about eight or nine o'clock on the Sunday morning, and landed at the Market-street wharf.

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